Nestled in the heart of the Tuscan Maremma, Orbetello is a rare geographical marvel. Located approximately 40 km (24 mi) south of Grosseto, this town sits on a narrow strip of land in the center of the Orbetello Lagoon. Connected to the Monte Argentario promontory by an artificial dam, Orbetello offers a blend of ancient history, wildlife reserves, and Mediterranean charm.

Whether you are visiting for the Pink Flamingos, the Spanish history, or the crystal-clear beaches of Feniglia and Giannella, this guide covers everything you need to know about Orbetello.

Top Things to Do in Orbetello

Birdwatching in the WWF Nature Reserve

The Orbetello Lagoon is a wetland of international importance and one of the best places in Italy to see pink flamingos. While flamingos can be spotted year-round, the ideal period is from October to March/April, when large flocks gather in the lagoon. Early morning offers the best light and quiet conditions for viewing, though sunset sightings can be just as spectacular—especially in the Laguna di Ponente and within the WWF Nature Reserve of the Orbetello Lagoon.

Best Time to Visit: Winter and early spring for birdwatching.
What to See: Herons, ospreys, stilts, spoonbills, and many other species.

Walk or Cycle the Duna Feniglia Reserve

The Tombolo della Feniglia is a 6 km protected nature reserve connecting Orbetello to Porto Ercole. You can rent an e-bike to ride through the pine forest or walk to secluded sandy beaches.

Admire the “Spanish Mill” (Mulino Spagnolo)

The most photographed symbol of Orbetello is the solitary windmill rising from the lagoon. Once part of a row of nine mills, it was originally built by the Sienese to grind grain, with flour transported by small boats across the water. In its early years, the mill was powered by tidal currents. After 1557, when Orbetello became the capital of the Spanish-controlled State of the Presidi under King Philip II, the structure was modified and equipped with sails to take advantage of wind power.

Explore the Historic Center

• Stroll through the pedestrian-friendly Corso Italia for boutique shopping and local “aperitivo.”
• The Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta (Duomo): It stands on remains of earlier Etruscan/Roman structures, and features a stunning Tuscan-Gothic facade.
• Polveriera Guzman: Built in 1692, this historic building once stored explosives for the Spanish. Today, it houses the Archaeological Museum of Orbetello.

Orbetello’s Fascinating History: From Etruscans to Aviators

Ancient Roots

Orbetello was originally an Etruscan settlement, evidenced by the massive polygonal walls dating back to around the 6th–5th century BC, still visible today. It later became a Roman stronghold near the colony of Cosa.

The State of the Presidi

In the 16th century, Orbetello became the capital of the State of the Presidi, a Spanish enclave. This unique period left a lasting mark on the town’s architecture, fortifications, and even its local cuisine.

The Epic Air Cruises

In the early 1930s, Orbetello made global headlines as the base for Italo Balbo’s Transatlantic Air Cruises. Dozens of “flying boats” (Savoia-Marchetti seaplanes) took off from the Orbetello Lagoon to reach Rio de Janeiro and Chicago. While the famous hangars designed by Pier Luigi Nervi were destroyed in 1944, the Parco delle Crociere remains a tribute to this pioneer era of aviation.

Local Events & Festivals

Carnevaletto da Tre Soldi (February):
First held in 1952, this beloved local carnival is one of the town’s most anticipated events. Six allegorical floats compete, representing the different districts and hamlets of the municipality: Fonteblanda, Albinia, Stazione, Neghelli, and Orbetello Centro.

Festa di San Biagio (May):
Held in May in honor of Orbetello’s patron saint, Saint Biagio, with celebrations taking place over the two central weekends of the month. The historic center hosts a traditional religious procession, while illuminated lagoon boats create a magical atmosphere. Expect lively piazza festivities, games, and plenty of local food specialties — including the classic eel sandwich.

Corsa dei Barchini (May):
The five districts (rioni) of Orbetello compete against one another — the three historic center districts (Duomo, Piazza d’Armi, Porto) and the two modern districts (Neghelli and Stazione) — in a spirited maritime challenge.

Gustatus (Late October/November):
A major food and wine festival celebrating Maremma’s flavors, from bottarga (cured fish roe) to local Vermentino wines. Read more about the Gustatus wine and food festival here.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Orbetello

What is Orbetello famous for?

Orbetello is famous for its unique position in the middle of a coastal lagoon, its Pink Flamingo colony, its Spanish military history, and its proximity to the beautiful beaches of Monte Argentario.

When can you see flamingos in Orbetello?

The best time to see flamingos in the Orbetello Lagoon is from October to MarchApril, during their wintering period.

Where is the best place to stay near Orbetello?

For travelers looking to stay close to both Orbetello and the Argentario coast (with the towns of Porto Ercole and Porto Santo Stefano), Argentario Golf & Wellness Resort offers a peaceful base surrounded by Mediterranean landscape. Located a 5-minute drive from the lagoon, the resort combines contemporary design with nature, featuring an 18-hole golf course, a spacious spa, and seasonal Tuscan cuisine. It’s a comfortable option for those who want easy access to beaches, wildlife reserves, and the historic towns of the Maremma, while enjoying a relaxed, countryside setting.